9/19/2023 0 Comments Xray pneumoniaIn contrast, X-rays are the most common and widely available diagnostic imaging technique, playing a crucial role in clinical care and epidemiological studies. X-ray imaging is preferred over CT imaging because CT imaging typically takes considerably more time than X-ray imaging, and sufficient high-quality CT scanners may not be available in many underdeveloped regions. Currently, chest X-rays are one of the best methods for the detection of pneumonia. One of the following tests can be done for pneumonia diagnosis: chest X-rays, CT of the lungs, ultrasound of the chest, needle biopsy of the lung, and MRI of the chest. Therefore, there is an urgent need to do research and development on computer-aided diagnosis so that the pneumonia-related mortality, especially in children, can be reduced. It can be prevented with simple interventions and treated with low-cost, low-tech medication and care”. Children can be protected from pneumonia. Pneumonia affects children and families everywhere but is most prevalent in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. According to the WHO, “Every year, it kills an estimated 1.4 million children under the age of five years, accounting for 18% of all deaths of children under five years old worldwide. It is the single largest cause of death in children (especially under the age of five) worldwide. The disease frequently goes overlooked and untreated until it has reached a fatal point, especially in the case of old patients. Due to pneumonia, every year, 3.7 lakh children die in India, which constitutes a total of fifty percent of the pneumonia deaths that occur in India. Pneumonia is ranked eight in the list of the top 10 causes of death in the United States. Its principal cause includes a high level of pollution. It is a prevalent disease all across the globe. Treatment of bacterial pneumonia is done using antibiotic therapy, while viral pneumonia will usually get better on its own. The most significant difference between bacterial and viral pneumonia is the treatment. Generally, it is observed that bacterial pneumonia causes more acute symptoms. There are mainly two types of pneumonia: bacterial and viral. It is a fatal illness in which the air sacs get filled with pus and other liquid. Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that affects the lungs. Hence, the proposed model can be used for a quick diagnosis of pneumonia and can aid the radiologists in the diagnosis process. The final proposed weighted classifier model is able to achieve a test accuracy of 98.43% and an AUC score of 99.76 on the unseen data from the Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center pneumonia dataset. Finally, the model is evaluated, not only in terms of test accuracy, but also in the AUC score. The proposed weighted classifier is able to outperform all the individual models. Partial data augmentation techniques are employed to increase the training dataset in a balanced way. Transfer learning is used to fine-tune the deep learning models to obtain higher training and validation accuracy. This approach is a supervised learning approach in which the network predicts the result based on the quality of the dataset used. A novel approach based on a weighted classifier is introduced, which combines the weighted predictions from the state-of-the-art deep learning models such as ResNet18, Xception, InceptionV3, DenseNet121, and MobileNetV3 in an optimal way. In this work, an efficient model for the detection of pneumonia trained on digital chest X-ray images is proposed, which could aid the radiologists in their decision making process. There is a need to improve the diagnosis accuracy. However, even for a trained radiologist, it is a challenging task to examine chest X-rays. Chest X-rays are primarily used for the diagnosis of this disease. Pneumonia causes the death of around 700,000 children every year and affects 7% of the global population.
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